Tangram Gulf recently unveiled a naturally-cooled FIFA stadium design for the 2022 World Cup in Doha, Qatar. Speaking at Construction Week Qatar, general manager Nigel Eckersall emphasized the importance of allowing sustainability to guide construction principles over the next nine years.
 
And Tangram is leading the way with a design that incorporates ancient Islamic climate controls and biomimicry to keep 80,000 people cool during what will be the Middle East’s first World Cup event.
 

“We are in a pivotal time now in Qatar as we have nine years left to deliver our construction plans,” Eckersall said at the recent event.
 
“We must be clever and intelligent to provide sustainable buildings for the next generation and think about the legacy we are going to leave for 2022 and beyond.”
 
Wrapped in a punctured skin that permits constant air flow, Tangram’s stadium relies on several passive cooling mechanisms that don’t require a watt of conventional energy.
 

Traditional baghdeer openings combined with Fibonacci logarithms and a cooling technique modeled after desert lizards (which fan themselves using their scales) pushes hot air out of the stadium while keeping cool air inside.
 
Additionally, using the Venturi effect, the designers propose to hasten air pressure across the colonnades to further promote cooling. These also provide thermal massing.
 
Lastly, a system of qanats, such as those used by the ancient Persians to transport water from the mountains to dry valleys below, are used to create a shallow pool of water below the stadium in order to provide evaporative cooling.
 

In this way, Tangram believes they will be able to keep interior temperatures below the so-called Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) of 26-29C mandated by FIFA.
 
However, it remains to be seen whether the event will be staged during summer as critics warn that the high heat and humidity could imperil the health of both athletes and spectators.
 

Michel D’Hooghe, FIFA’s medical chief, has publicly announced his preference for a safer winter World Cup that year.
 
Meanwhile, with construction and talks about unfair labor laws well underway, Qatar is on track to spend approximately $115 billion to prepare for the event.
 
Source: http://www.greenprophet.com/2013/05/tangram-ancient-qatari-design-world-cup-stadium/

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A vision for developing Doha’s own hanging gardens, like the fabled gardens of Babylon, using green architecture, or ‘biotecture,’ was the topic of discussion and debate at a Qatar Green Building Council (QGBC) seminar.
 
In a keynote presentation, renowned international architect and urban planner Edouard Francois outlined his vision for sustainable building that integrates nature and architecture, and its potential for Qatar; wherein urban spaces are enriched by copious vertical green planting and urban landscaping.
 

Outdoor Spaces
 
“The challenge for Qatar is rediscovering the outdoors. There is great potential in Doha to develop into a more liveable city, with greater use of quality outdoor spaces through extensive planting to help ameliorate the extremes of Doha’s climate. This vision for Doha encourages an architecture that is aesthetically lush and tactile, with use of not only plants but also natural materials like wood and stone, and a rich diversity of plants and animals,” said Francois, who is hosted by QGBC for a series of engagements in Qatar.
 
“Green architecture is not only about techniques, it’s about the right attitude, and the right values, to address the pressing challenges in sustainability that face society today. Doha is really moving and shaking, and I am impressed with the types of projects underway here. The approach that organisations like QGBC are taking to addressing sustainability is systematic, which is key,” added Francois.
 

Vertical Planting
 
A line-up of local experts from various backgrounds and professions, including architecture, structural engineering, air quality management, environment and sustainable development and green education joined Francois to examine the technical aspects of his vision for biotecture in Doha.
 
Biotecture is an urban concept that acknowledges that cities are not only made of buildings and infrastructure, but also contain, very often, a rich and diverse urban ecology. Through techniques such as ‘green roofs’ and ‘green walls’ or vertical planting, whereby built structures are covered with vegetation, biotecture is used to encourage and increase the extent of biodiversity in a city.
 
Mark Ainger, a structural engineer with WSP Middle East, examined the elements of structural design and building construction required to bring Francois’s vision to life, including maintenance and pruning, external frames to support vertical planting, and considerations for airflow around the building.
 
Air Quality
 
Eng. Iñigo Satrústegui, CEO of Aire Limpio Qatar, spoke of the likely improvement that biotecture could bring to Doha’s outdoor and indoor air quality, while Eng. Cynthia Skelhorn examined the potential thermal benefits, and thus energy reduction, of vertical planting on buildings.
 
“The main point of methods such as vertical planting is to reduce air and surface temperatures, which also impacts building energy requirements,” said Skelhorn, who is a doctoral researcher at Manchester University. “In Qatar, where temperatures are high for such a large portion of the year, any amount of shading of paved surfaces or reduction in paved surfaces through the use of vegetation will make surroundings more comfortable and more aesthetically pleasing.”
 
Two members of QGBC’s Water Interest Group, Eng. Emmanuelle Brisemur of Degremont SA and Adam Smith of Polypipe Gulf, discussed the future water supply and technical irrigation systems that would be required for extensive green planting on buildings. They emphasised a need for water-sensitive urban design, which focuses on storage, treatment and reuse of water from a variety of sources, including stormwater, groundwater runoff, recycled water and water recovered from air conditioning condensate.
 
‘Hanging Gardens’ Vision
 
Dr Anna Gretchting of Qatar University offered a landscape architect’s perspective on the potential of biotecture for Doha, whilst her colleague Dr Nobuyuki Yamaguchi discussed the ecological choices that are implied by the ‘hanging gardens’ vision from a scientific and philosophical standpoint.
 
“Which is more environmentally friendly? A beautifully maintained neighbourhood in the suburbs or a run-down apartment block in the city?” posed Dr Yamaguchi.
 
The city’s older areas, he noted, are often much more environmentally sound, although the well-manicured neighbourhoods are in higher demand. “Regardless of what science suggests as best practice, the future direction of Doha’s city plan will be decided based on human values and preferences,” concluded Dr Yamaguchi.
 
The seminar closed with a debate on whether the hanging gardens of Doha could materialise from fantasy into reality.
 
QGBC Director Eng. Meshal Al Shamari said, “This seminar reflects a key element of QGBC’s mandate – to bring together diverse areas of expertise from among our members and local and international experts to explore ideas for future sustainable initiatives in Qatar.”
 
Source: http://www.qf.org.qa/news/news?item=161

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